BL
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161. Explain Why N Appends

Easy

Problem Description

Explain why N appends to a dynamic array can take O(N) total time even though some individual appends take O(N).

Input Format

  • •Line 1: An integer NN (1≤N≤1051 \le N \le 10^5).
  • •Line 2: NN space-separated integers A1,A2,…,ANA_1, A_2, \dots, A_N.

Output Format

Print the computed result (scalar integer or space-separated sequence).

Example 1:
Input:
5
3 1 4 1 5
Output:
1 1 3 4 5
Explanation: Processing input sequence according to algorithmic invariants.
Example 2:
Input:
1
42
Output:
42
Explanation: Singleton input baseline verification.
Example 3:
Input:
4
-10 -5 0 5
Output:
-10 -5 0 5
Explanation: Handling negative and boundary values.
Constraints:
  • 1 <= N <= 10^5
  • -10^9 <= A[i] <= 10^9
  • Time complexity target: O(N) or O(N log N)
  • Auxiliary space target: O(1) or O(N)
Follow up:Can this algorithm be adapted to an online streaming setting where the entire input cannot be held in memory simultaneously?
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